LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
I. BEKANG TICHHETUTE
A. India ram pum huapa rannung leh natna pawimawhte
1. Rannung:-
1) A tiak eichhetu (Pea stemfly, Melanogromysa sojae)
2) A kung seh chhumtu keltelaimawm (Girdie beetle, Obereopsis bravis)
3) A hnah leh a rah eitu pangang (Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura)
4) A hnah leh a rah eitu pangang/khapdiau (Green semilooper, Chrysodexis acuta)
2. Natna
1) A hnah hnuailam phut (rust)
2) A kung tawih (Sclerotium stem rot)
3. Hnim / Hlo
Bekang hmuna hnim awm hi a chinna ram leh leilung azirin chi hrang tam tak a awm a. Hnim hi hlawm lian tak pathumah an then a – hnah sin(di, thang, etc), phungladin leh hnahhlai (Vaihlenhlo, buar, etc). Hnahhlai pawh a zam chi a la awm (Japanhlo, thian)
4. Sazu leh Sava
Bui, Zu chang, zu pawl, tampui, chaichim etc.
B. Mizoram atana Bekang eichhetu rannung leh natna te
1. Rannung
1) A hnah hreuh rangtu pangang te tak te (Leaf miner, Aproaecema modicella, Phytomyza atriconis)
2) A hnah tuihnang dawttu var (White fly, Bemisia tabaci)
3) Pangang hmul (Hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua)
4) A hnah khartu pangang (Leaf folder, Hedylepta indicata)
2. Natna
1) A hnah eng leh hring inpawlh (Soya bean Mosaic- Viruses)
2) A kung thi (Wilt, Pythium, Fusarium etc)
3. Thlai rulhut
A zung sawrbawk (Melodogyne sp)
II. IPM HMAN TURTE
1. Loneitu thiamsa
1) Nipui laiin thuk deuh hlekin lei lehphut tur a ni, tichuan lei a rannung tui, pangang, keltelaimawm, natna hrik hlawm, hnim zung leh a bul bal te a phochhuak a, nisain a em hlum dawn a ni.
2) Rannung leh natna do thei Bekang chi tha chin tur a ni a, heng te hi an ni: -
a) Rannung do thei bekang chi tha te
| Rannung | A chi tha |
|---|---|
| A biah eichhetu (Stem fly) | JS335, PK 262, NRC 12, MACS 124 |
| A hnah leh a rah eitu pangang (Tabacco caterpillar) |
JS 80-21, PS 564, PK42 |
| A hnahleh a rah eitu khapdiau (Green semilooper) |
NRC 7, Pusa 16, Pusa 20, Pusa 24 |
| A kung sehchhumtu keltelaimawm (Girdle beetle) |
JS 71-05 |
b) Natna do thei bekang chi tha
| Natna | A chi tha |
|---|---|
| A hnah hnuailam phut (Rust) | Ankur, JS 80 - 21, PK 1024, PK 1029, Indira Soyabean 9. |
| A kung tawih (stem rot) | PK 262, PK416, 472, PK 1042 |
| A hnah val (Myrothecium leaf spot) |
Brag, JS 71-05 |
| A hnah eng leh hring (Soyabean mosaic) |
Ankur, PK 327, PK 416, PS 564 |
| A hnah eng (Yellow masaic) | PK 416, PK 472, PS 564, Pusa 16, Pusa 20 |
3) A chin hun
Ruahtui tlak hma (thal lutukah) chuan bekang chi tuh loh tur. Ruahsur hnu, lei hnawn hunah a tiah that theih nan tuh tur a ni.
4) Achi tuh tur zat
Hectare khatah a chi 75 - 100kg tuh tur a ni. A bi tlar 15 dan zelah hmun awl kal vel nan ziah tur a ni.
5) Damdawi leh thil nung tha nena bekang chi nuaipawlh
Bekang chi chu tuh hmain damdawi Thiram 75%DS @ 3 gm leh a chi 1 kg nuaipawlh tur a ni a. Damdawi nena nuaipawlh tawh bekang chi chu Rhizobium joponicum leh Phosphate solubilizing bacteri (PSB) nen nuai pawlh leh tur a ni a, @ 5gm + 5gm leh Bekang chi 1 kg emaw Trichoderma viride @ 3gm leh Bekang chi 1kg nuai pawlh tur a ni.
6) Fertilizer hman tur zat
Hectare khatah N P K leh S te 20:60 :80 : 20 : 20 kg hman tur a ni.
7) Hnim suat / hlo thlawh
a) Bekang tha taka a to a a than theih nan lei hnawn hunah a chin hun dik takah a chi mamawh zat dik tak chin tur a ni a, Fertilizer pawh pek tur zat dik tak pek tur a ni a, tichuan bekang a lo duah ang a, hnim aiin a thang chak ang a, hnimin a dip dawn lo a ni.
b) Bekang hmun chu a tiah atanga ni 30 - 45 chhung chu hlo thlawhfai hliau tur a ni, tum 2 vel tal thlawh chhuah tur. A remchan chuan bekang tuh hnu, a tiah hma siin heng a hnuaia hnim tur eng emaw ber hi kah tur a ni.
i) Hnahsin/ thang lam chi suat nan : Alachlor @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh, or Metalachlor @ 2 ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh.
ii) Hnahhlai/hnahbial suat nan : Fluchloralin @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre or Pendirnethalin @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh.
Source
Ziaktu : C. Lalnithanga, APPO
Bu hming : Loneitu Thian (IPM)
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Page 68-77
2. Rannung, natna etc thli thlai
1) Bekang hmun fan thuak thuak
a) Ni 15 danah bekang hmun chu fan thuak thuak a, a eichhetu rannung tam dan, natna nasat dan leh rannung tha leh maimawm tam dan thlithlai tur a ni. Hmun 10 vel chhinchhiah bik ila, hmun tinah chuan bekang kung 5 tal chik taka en tur a ni a, rannung leh natna i hmuh te, rannung tha leh maimawm i hmuh te chu eng ang chi nge a nih ziakin chhinchhiah thlap tur a ni.
b) A rah/kawm khertu pangang (Spodoptera litura) awm leh awm loh hriat nan a pui (adult) man nan Pheromone thang bekang hmunah khai tur a ni a, hectare khatah thang 10 khai ila a tawk.
2) Agriculture department-a thawk field staff te leh loneitute chuan a huhoin bekang hmuna a eichhetu rannung, natna leh rannung tha leh maimawm te thlithlai tur a ni a, an hmuh ang ang te ziakin chhinchhiah tur a ni.
3) Agro Eco System Analysis (AESA) : He lehkhabu Bung 2-ah chipchiar zawkin tarlan ani.
3. Hmanraw dang hman :
1) Bekang hmun a lungphur thlahtu tui (eggs), pangang, keltelaimawm, rannung eichhiat bekang kung, natna in a tihchhiat a kung leh a hnah te lak khawma, halral tur a ni.
2) Pangang eitu/chuktu atan sava a tangkai a, chuvangin bekang hmunah kraws ang deuh mauin emaw thingin emaw sava fukna Phun tur a ni a, hectare khatah a chuklakin sava fukna 10 -12 Phun tur a ni. (Bekang rah hunah chuan sava fukna hi seng hawi tur a ni)
4. Rannungtha hman tangkai
1) Bekang hmuna rannungtha leh tangkai awm ho chu an rem loh nan humhalh tur a ni. e.g. Maimawm, khuavanglamdar, khuai mawng sei, uifawm, daidep, daidep ria, khauchher, chrysoperla. Heng ho humhalh nan hian a pawng-a-takin rannung thahna hlo chak pui pui kah mai mai loh tur a ni.
2) Telenomus nemus tui la keulo chu pangang suat nan (a tui tichhetu atan) hectare khatah 50,000 bekang hmunah chhuah tur a ni.
3) Pangang suat nan Spodoptera NPV @ 250 LE (Larval Equivalent) chu hectare khatah kah tur a ni.
4) Neem rah tui sawr (NSKE), 5ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh chu pangang leh bekang tuihnang dawttu rannung suat nan kah tur a ni.
5. Rannung thah na hlo leh natna damdawi hman
1) Rannung tam lamin a hlauhawm chin ETL a pelh chauhin rannung thahna hlo kah tur a ni.
| Rannung | Bekang len zawng | ETL (metre khat biala rannung awm zat) |
|---|---|---|
| keltelaimawm dumpawl | Atiak | keltelaimawm 4 |
| Khapdiau hring | A par hma | Khapdiau 4 |
| Khapdiau vut rawng | A par lai | Khapdiau 4 |
| Pangang | A parlai | Pangang 10 |
2) keltelaimawm buang, a kung sehchhumtu keltelaimawm leh bekang tuihnang dawttu suat nan bekang chi tuh rualin Phorate 1OG @ 10kg/hectare theh tur a ni. (Phorate 10G hi antam chi ang a mum hri hre a ni a, tui pawlh a ngailo, a lawnga theh chi)
3) Pangang, khapdiau leh keltelaimawm suat nan Quinalphos 25EC @ 4ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni.
4) Bekang tiak ni 30-50 upa a nih atangin natna ven nan Mancozeb 75 WP @ 3gm tui 1 litre chawhpawlh emaw Carbendazim 50WP @ 2gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh emaw a kah tur a ni.
5) A rah/kawm no laiin, sazu tur-a hraitur, tur dum (Zinc phosphide) leh buhfai no 2 (500gm) tela nuai mawm tawh chawhpawlh chu sazu kua pakhatah antui hawp fian khat zel, lehkha or saranga fun hnuah sazu kuaah vawm luh tur a ni a. Tur dum chah hma hian ni 2 leh zan 2 chu buhfai lawng chah tur a ni. Tur duma hrai hnua sazu thi bang hrai nan Bromodiolone 0.005% Cake chah leh tur a ni. A tlang lian pakhat chu tlangte- 6 ah phal tur a ni a, sazu kua pakhatah a tlang te pakhat zel thlak tur a ni.
6. Bekang leh thlai dang chin pawlh:
Bekang leh vaimim chin pawlh a remchang hle. Bekang tlar 4 dan zelah vaimim tlar 2 a awm tur a ni. Hetianga bekang leh vaimim chin pawlhna hmunah chuan rannungtha khuavanglamdar, chrysoperla etc a inthlahpung duh bik a ni.
III. BEKANG THAN DAN ANG ZELA IPM HMAN TURTE
| Sl. No. | Bekang len lam, Rannung, Natna, hnim etc | IPM hman turte |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A chi tuh hma |
|
| 2 | Bekang chi tuh tur zat, Bekang tiah hnu. | |
| Rannung leh natna |
Bekang chi tha, rannung leh natna do thei chauh chin tur a ni Hectare khata bekang chi tuh tur zat chu 70- 100kg a ni. Fertilizer N:P:K leh S hi hectare khatah 20:60:80:20:kg hman tur a ni. |
|
| Hnim | Bekang tiah hlim atanga ni 30-45 chhung chu hnim thlawhfai hle tur a ni, tum hnih tal thlo chhuak ila a tha a ni. | |
| A tiak natna | Tun hmain bekang chi kg khat leh Carbendazim 3gm nuaipawlh tur a ni. Hemi zawh hian bekang chi kg khat chu Rhizobium japonicum leh Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) @ 5gm + 5gm chu nuaipawlh leh tur a ni a, nuai pawlh zawh veleh hian bekang chu tuh nghal tur a ni. | |
| Hnim | Bekang tiah hma ngeiin Pendimethalin @2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni. | |
| Keltelaimawm dumpawl, a kung sehchhumtu keltelaimawm, a kung tichhetu | Bekang chi tuh rualin Phorate 10G @ 10kg chu a hectare khatah phul tur a ni. | |
| A hnah val natna, Hnim | A tiak hrisello, a hnah val natna vanga thi leh vuai te chu pawh a, hal ral tur a ni. Hlo thlawh tur a ni. | |
| 3 | A than duan lai | |
| A kung sehchhumtu keltelaimawm, pangang, pangang hmul nei | Rannung/pangang eichhiat bekang hnah, a kung etc te paih vek tur a ni, lungphur thlahtu tui leh | |
| keltelaimawm dumpawl, a kung sehchhumtu keltelaimawm | Dimethoate 30EC @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh Oxydemeton methyl 25EC @ 3ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh-a kah tur, a to chhuah atanga kah tan tur a ni. | |
| A hnah hnuailam phut(Rust) natna | Mancozeb 75WP @ 3gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh a kah tur a ni. | |
| 4 | A par hun | |
| Khapdiau hring, a kung sehchhum-tu keltelaimawm, pangang chi hrang hrang | Quinalphos 25EC @ 4ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh a kah tur | |
| A hnah hnuai lam phut (rust) natna | Mancozeb 75WP @ 3gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh or Triadimefon 25WP @ 3gm leh tui 1 liter chawhpawlh a kah tur. | |
| 5 | A rah/kawm insiam hun | |
| Sazu/chaichim |
Sazu tura hrai tur hetiang hian Buhfai lawng ngawt ni 2 leh zan 2 chhung sazu kua ah chah tur. A hnuah tur dum Zinc Phosphide 2gm leh, tela nuaimawm tawh 500gm (pava 2) chawhpawlh a, antui hawp fian khat zel lehkha/sarang a fun hnuah sazu kua pakhatah fun khat zel thlak tur a ni. Hemi hnu hian sazu thi bang chu Bromodiolone (0.005%) cake in hrai leh tur a ni, a tlang lian pakhat chu a tlang te 6 ah phel tur a ni a, sazu kua pakhatah tlang te pakhat zel thlak tur a ni. Bekang hmuna sazu thi in hmuh apiang chu phum tur a ni. |
IV. RANNUNG LAKA VEN CHUNGCHANGA TIH TUR LEH TIH LOH TUR TE
| Sl. No. | Tih tur | Tih loh tur |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bekang chi tha 3-4 tal, a seng hun in ang lo thiau chin chhawk tur | Bekang chi thalo chu chin loh tur |
| 2 | Fur (Kharif) laia chin dawn chuan bekang chu fur ruahtui tlak hma chuan tuh loh tur a ni | Chin hma loh tur, rannung a tam duh. |
| 3 | Fur laia bekang chin hi a tha ber | Thlasik leh nipui lai hian bekang chin loh a tha, a hnah hnuai phut (rust) natna a tam duh |
| 4 | Fertilizer N:P:K leh S, hman tur zat ang thlap hmantur a ni. | Fertilizer hman tur tawk aia tlem emaw aia tam emaw hman loh tur a ni, a chhan chu bekangin a chhiat phah a, rannung leh natna a do thei lo. |
| 5 | Hnim tur hman tura tarlan chauh kah tur a ni | Hnim tur zingah bekang hmuna hman tura tarlan nilo, a chi dang chu kah loh tur a ni. |
| 6 | Rannung eichhiat leh natna vei bekang chu pawha, halral tur. | Rannung leh natna a darh zel loh nan rannung eichhiat leh natna vei bekang chu zuah reng loh tur a ni. |
| 7 | Bekang eichhetu rannung chi hrang hrang chu a hun taka suat theih nan a hlauhawm chin ETL hriat nan a zing thei ang ber bekang hmun tlawha, eng ang rannung nge awm tih thlithlai thin tur a ni. | Bekang eichhetu rannung chu eng ang chi nge a nih tih leh engzata tam nge awm, ETL a thleng em tih hrechiang hmasa lovin rannung thahna hlo kap reng reng suh. |
| 8 | Rannung suat nan leh natna tihdam nan hman tur zinga tarlan damdawi chauh, a hman tur zat dik tak kap thin ang che. | Bekang hmuna hman tur zinga tarlan ve loh rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi leh damdawi dang chawhpawlh reng reng kap suh ang che. |
| 9 | Nipui laiin khawthat niah thuk deuh hleka lei lehphut tur, Kar 2-3 chhung tal ni saah lei lehphut chu pho tur a ni. | Hnim zung, bulbal etc a tiah vek theih nan nipui laia lei lehphut chu nisaah kar 2-3 tal photur a ni a, tui pek loh tur a ni. |
| 10 | Hnim aia bekang a than Chak zawk theih nan uluk taka enkawl tur a ni. | Bekang chu a par lai atanga a rah thlengin a mamawh tawk tui pek tur a ni. |
| 11 | Hnim tur chu bekang tuh hnu, hnim leh bekang to hmaa kah tur a ni. | Bekang leh hnim to hnuah chuan hnim tur reng reng kah loh tur a ni, hnim a thi lo anga, bekangin a thih phah thung ang |
| 12 | Hnim tur chi khat Fluchloralin kah chuan, niengin a tihchhiat loh nan lei nen kah zawh veleh chawhpawlh vat tur a ni | Bekang hmuna hnim a rem theih nan Fluchloralin kah zawh veleh khawtlai lovin lei nen chawhpawlh vat tur a ni. |
| 13 | A hun taka, a hman tur zat dik tak hnim tur chu Floodjet nozzle in vuah na Sprayer hmangin kah tur a ni. (Floodjet nozzle vuah na Sprayer hi Agriculture Department-ah man chan ve in lei tur a awma, hnim tur kah na tur liau liau a ni) reng kap suh ang che. |
Hnim tur chu Urea nen chawhpawlh loh tur a ni a, bekang hmuna a tui pek tur (water) nen pawh chawhpawlh loh tur a ni. Hnim tur kah na Sprayer chu rannung thahna hlo leh natna a damdawi kah nan hman tawm loh tur a ni. |